Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

​Psychotic disorders cause detachment from reality — such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and speech. The most notable example is schizophrenia, although other classes of disorders can be associated with detachment from reality at times.

Anxiety disorders

​Anxiety is an emotion characterized by the anticipation of future danger or misfortune, along with excessive worrying. It can include behavior aimed at avoiding situations that cause anxiety. This class includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and phobias.

Bipolar and related disorders

This class includes disorders with alternating episodes of mania — periods of excessive activity, energy and excitement — and depression.

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

These disorders involve preoccupations or obsessions and repetitive thoughts and actions. Examples include obsessive-compulsive disorder, hoarding disorder and hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania).

Depressive disorders

These include disorders that affect how you feel emotionally, such as the level of sadness and happiness, and they can disrupt your ability to function. Examples include major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

These are adjustment disorders in which a person has trouble coping during or after a stressful life event. Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder.

Dissociative disorders

These are disorders in which your sense of self is disrupted, such as with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative amnesia.

Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders

These disorders include problems with emotional and behavioral self-control, such as kleptomania or intermittent explosive disorder.

Personality disorders

​A personality disorder involves a lasting pattern of emotional instability and unhealthy behavior that causes problems in your life and relationships. Examples include borderline, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders.

Substance-related and addictive disorders

These include problems associated with the excessive use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and drugs. This class also includes gambling disorder.

​Feeding and eating disorders

These disorders include disturbances related to eating that impact nutrition and health, such as anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.

Sleep-wake disorders

These are disorders of sleep severe enough to require clinical attention, such as insomnia, sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome.